Risk factors for pre-eclampsia in general hospital in Ica, Perú

Abstract

Objective: To determine the association between risk factors for preeclampsia in patients treated at
Hospital Santa María del Socorro (HSMS) in Ica, Perú from 2017 to 2019. Materials and methods: An
observational, descriptive analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out. The population and sample were
all pregnant women treated at the Hospital Santa María del Socorro in Ica, Peru with gestational
hypertensive disorders. Descriptive measures were used and statistical chi-square tests were applied with a
significance value of p≤ 0.005. Results: Of 246 pregnant women with gestational hypertensive disease
assisted, most with ages between 20-35 years (n = 226; 91.87%), living with their partners (n = 165; 67.07%),
with secondary studies completed (n = 103; 41.87%), without family history of preeclampsia (n = 231;
93.90%), multiparous (n = 98; 39.84%), with prenatal follow-up (n = 49, 19, 92%), and hypertensive debut
after 30 weeks (n = 165; 67.07%). BMI less than 35 Kg / m2 predominated (n = 195; 79.27%); and negative
personal history of Chronic Arterial Hypertension (n = 226; 91.87%), Diabetes Mellitus (n = 233; 94.72%) or
Multiple Pregnancies (n = 195; 79.27%). In the group of pregnant women who developed preeclampsia, a
significant association was only found with maternal ages as an environmental risk (X2 = 9.75; p <0.05). The
personal history of chronic arterial hypertension, nulliparity, obesity, and the presence of multiple pregnancy presents a significant statistical association with the presence of preeclampsia (p <0.05). Conclusions: The presence of preeclampsia in pregnant women at Hospital Santa María del Socorro in Ica is predominantly associated with maternal risk factors such as maternal age, gestational age, family history of pre-eclampsia, Chronic Arterial Hypertension, obesity, multiple pregnancy and pregestational diabetes mellitus.