Comparative study of factors associated with surgical site infection after hip fracture surgery in hospitals in Ica and Trujillo

Abstract

Objective: Compare the factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) in hip fracture surgery, in the Regional Hospitals of Ica and VÌctor Lazarte Echegaray of Trujillo, in the period 2015-2022. Methods: An observational, retrospective, comparative and cross-sectional study was carried out in the period from January 2015 to January 2021, at the Regional Hospital of Ica - Minsa and at the VÌctor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital in Trujillo. The medical records of 122 patients undergoing hip surgery at the Regional Hospital of Ica, and 114 at the Lazarte Hospital, were studied. Of those from the Ica Regional, only 46 met the inclusion criteria, while those from Trujillo were all included. The information was stored in Excel and transferred to the SPSS v.27. statistical program, proceeding to perform the frequency analysis, correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: Of the Ica patients, 43.5% (20) were treated with osteosynthesis; 34.8% ( 16 ) with total arthroplasty; 19.6% (09) with partial arthroplasty; and 2.2% (01) with intramedullary nailing. Of the 46 patients studied, 07 cases of SSI were found (15.2%). In the morbid history, malnutrition was found to be the variable as a factor associated with ISO with a p = 0.006. While in the patients from Trujillo, the type of Fixation shows that 61.4% of the sample presented Osteosynthesis treatment, while the remaining 38.6% was treated with Arthroplasty. In this group from Trujillo, there was infection in 16 patients. There was statistical significance with a p value = 0.009 for the variables operating time with blood transfusion. In addition to a p value = 0.000 for the BMI (body mass index) variable. Conclusions: In Ica patients, the incidence of SSI was 15.2% in hip fracture surgery in the elderly. In patients from Trujillo, the incidence of SSI was 14.03%. Malnutrition was the factor associated with ISO in Ica. With respect to the Trujillo patients, it is concluded that. Operating time with blood transfusion and body mass index (BMI) are the factors associated with ISO.