Risk factors for preeclampsia in patients treated at the gynecology and obstetrics service of the regional hospital of Ica, 2022.

Abstract

Objetive: Determine the risk factors associated with preeclampsia in patients treated in the Gynecology-obstetrics service of the Regional Hospital of Ica in 2022. Material and methods: An analytical, observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out. Pregnant women with preeclampsia (Cases=91) and without preeclampsia (Controls=91) were included in the study. The data were obtained by reviewing medical records. The chi square was used, with p≤0.005, odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval. Results: Factors associated with preeclampsia were found such as: Age ≥ 35 years (p=0.014; OR=2.605; 95% CI=1.189-5.706), being single (p=0.047; OR=2.083; 1.002-4.333), without education (p=0.030; OR=2.430; 95% CI=1.072-5.507), rural origin (p=0.000; OR=3.248; 95% CI=1.692-6.236), being obese (p=0.017; OR=2.494; 95% CI=1.164-5.343), diabetes mellitus II (p=0.681; OR=1.184; 95% CI=0.528-2.654), Arterial hypertension (p=0.023; OR=3.022; 95% CI=1.125-8.120), polycystic ovary syndrome (p=0.168; OR=1.737; 95% CI=0.788-3.828), history of preeclampsia (p=0.000; OR=10.157; 95% CI=4.020-25.622), nulliparity (p=0.001; OR=2.817; 95% CI=1.544-5.140), multiple pregnancy (p=0.009; OR=3.493; 95% CI=1.317-9.265), polyhydramnios (p=0.001; OR=5.363; 95% CI=1.737). -16.555), short interpregnancy interval (p=0.000; OR=5.627; 95% CI=2.421-13.081) and gestational age less than 37 weeks (p=0.019; OR=2.120; 95% CI=1.129-3.981).  Conclusion: The presence of preeclampsia in pregnant women is associated with risk factors such as age ≥ 35 years, being single, without education, rural origin, being obese, high blood pressure, with a history of preeclampsia, nulliparity, multiple pregnancy, polyhydramnios, short interpregnancy interval and a gestational age < 37 weeks.